Core Definition and Operating Principle of a Rack

2026-03-20


A rack can be regarded as a segment of a cylindrical gear with an infinitely large diameter; as the pitch circle diameter of the gear approaches infinity, the gear effectively transforms into a rack.
Core Definition and Operating Principle of a Rack

A rack may be regarded as a segment of a cylindrical gear with an infinitely large diameter; as the pitch circle diameter of the gear approaches infinity, the gear effectively becomes a rack. The tooth profile of a rack is a straight line (or, in terms of the tooth surface, a plane), which differs markedly from the involute tooth form of a gear. The pressure angle of the rack tooth form is standardized at 20°, and its principal parameters include the module, tooth thickness, groove width, and tooth height.

In a transmission system, a rack is paired with a gear—also known as a pinion—to convert one form of motion into another. When the gear rotates actively, the meshing rack moves in a straight line; conversely, when the rack moves linearly under drive, it can in turn rotate the gear. This type of transmission boasts high efficiency, typically ranging from 98% to 99.5%. Compared with other linear-motion mechanisms, rack-and-pinion drives are particularly well suited for applications involving long strokes (e.g., exceeding 2 meters) and the need to transmit substantial axial forces, while also exhibiting a high tolerance for environmental dust.

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