Core Definitions, Classification, and Selection of Gears
2026-03-20
A gear is a mechanical component with teeth on its rim that enables continuous meshing to transmit motion and power. Its operating principle relies on the contact between teeth to convert rotational motion into controlled torque, speed, or direction. In mechanical systems, gears serve as “power transducers,” and their performance directly impacts the efficiency and reliability of the system.
Based on their structural characteristics, gears are primarily classified into the following types: spur gears (with teeth parallel to the axis, featuring a simple structure and suitable for gearboxes and low-speed transmission systems); helical gears (with teeth inclined at a helix angle, providing smoother meshing and ideal for vehicle drivetrains and high-speed applications); bevel gears (with intersecting axes, used to transmit rotational power in a changing direction and commonly found in automotive differentials); worm gears and worm wheels (for intersecting-axis transmission with high reduction ratios, well suited for electric power steering and motion control); and rack gears, which convert rotary motion into linear motion. The key design parameters include the module (which determines gear size and load-carrying capacity), the number of teeth, the pressure angle (which affects stress distribution on the tooth flanks; the typical range is 14°–25°), and the helix angle, among others.
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